← 返回习题讲解
一、考点介绍
同义替换是英语听力考试中的一个重要考点，各种题型中都会出现。在历年英语考试听力题目中，有 85% 以上的题目都涉及了同义替换。
这种考点的出题思路就是题目和（或）选项中的关键词或词组不会在录音材料中原词重现，而是以同义词或近义词的形式出现。这样就对考生定位关键词造成了障碍。最常见的替换有三种：
一是同义词的替换
这是最简单的一种替换，也是英语听力考试中最常出现的。比如，题目中的关键词是 altogether，在录音中该词有可能被替换成 in total、in all 等同义词。
二是词性的替换
比如，题目中的关键词是 very important，在录音中该词组有可能被替换成 of great importance。
三是同反义词的替换
比如，题目中的关键词是 close，而录音中说的是 not open。
同义替换在英语听力考试中无处不在，考生可以结合本书的题目熟练掌握。
二、真题示例
【真题回顾】
Question 31
Complete the note below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Marine renewable energy (ocean energy)
Introduction
More energy required because of growth in population and 31....................
What's needed:
· renewable energy sources
· methods that won't create pollution
【听力原文】
▶ 显示听力原文
Producing enough energy to meet our needs has become a serious problem. Demand is rising rapidly, because of the world's increasing population and expanding industry. Burning fossil fuels, like gas, coal and oil, seriously damages the environment and they'll eventually run out. For a number of years now, scientists have been working out how we can derive energy from renewable sources, such as the sun and wind, without causing pollution. Today I'll outline marine renewable energy—also called ocean energy—which harnesses the movement of the oceans.
【考点点拨】
· More energy required because of growth in population and 31....................
▶ 显示答案与解析
答案：industry
预测：画出题目中的关键词 growth in population。根据题目中的 population 和 ....................，预知要填一个名词。
定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：Demand is rising rapidly, because of the world's increasing population and expanding industry.
考点：同义替换。题目中的关键词是 growth in population，录音中与之同义替换的表达是 increasing population，录音中的 expanding 和题目中的 growth 是同义替换。由于题目要求只填写 1 个词，所以答案就是 industry。
【真题回顾】
Questions 2 and 3
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Transport
· Linda travels to work by 2 ....................
· Limited 3 .................... in city centre.
【听力原文】
▶ 显示听力原文
MATT: No. That sounds alright. I'll definitely have a look there. Are the transport links easy from where you live?
LINDA: Well, I'm very lucky. I work in the city centre so I don't have to use public transport. I go by bike.
MATT: Oh, I wish I could do that. Is it safe to cycle around the city?
LINDA: Yes, it's fine. And it keeps me fit. Anyway, driving to work in the city centre would be a nightmare because there's hardly any parking. And the traffic during the rush hour can be bad.
【考点点拨】
· Linda travels to work by 2 ....................
▶ 显示答案与解析
预测：画出题目中的关键词 travels to work by。根据题目中的 by..........., 预知要填某种交通工具。
定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：I go by bike.
考点：同义替换。题目中的关键词是 travels to work by, 录音中与之同义替换的表达是 go by, 答案就是 bike, 也可以写它的同义词 bicycle。
· Limited 3 .................... in city centre.
▶ 显示答案与解析
预测：画出题目中的关键词 Limited。根据题目中的 Limited..........., 预知要填名词, 表示一种很有限的东西。
定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：Anyway, driving to work in the city centre would be a nightmare because there's hardly any parking.
考点：同义替换。题目中的关键词是 limited, 录音中与之同义替换的表达是 there's hardly any, 答案就是 parking。
【真题回顾】
Question 8
Complete the note below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
FAMILY EXCURSIONS
Cyclists need:
— a repair kit
— food and drink
— a 8 .................... (can be hired)
【听力原文】
▶ 显示听力原文
TC EMPLOYEE: You'd also need to pick up a repair kit for the bike from there to take along with you, and you'd need to take along a snack and some water—it'd be best to get those in the city.
VISITOR: Fine. That shouldn't be a problem. And I assume I can rent a helmet from the bike place?
TC EMPLOYEE: Sure, you should definitely get that.
【考点点拨】
· a 8 .................... (can be hired)
▶ 显示答案与解析
预测：画出题目中的关键词 hired。根据题目中的 a.......，预知要填名词，表示一种东西。
定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：And I assume I can rent a helmet from the bike place?
考点：同义替换。题目中的关键词是 hired，录音中与之同义替换的表达是 rent，答案就是 helmet。
【真题回顾】
Questions 7 and 8
Complete the sentences below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Paxton Nature Reserve
7 Paxton is a good place for seeing rare ................. all year round.
8 This is a particularly good time for seeing certain unusual .................
【听力原文】
▶ 显示听力原文
SUE: Now I've heard something about Paxton Nature Reserve. It's a good place for spotting unusual birds, isn't it?
MARTIN: That's right—throughout the year. There is a lake there, as well as a river, and they provide a very attractive habitat. So it's a good idea to bring binoculars if you have them. And just at the moment you can see various flowers that are pretty unusual—the soil at Paxton isn't very common. They're looking good right now.
SUE: Right. My husband will be particularly interested in that.
【考点点拨】
7 Paxton is a good place for seeing rare ................. all year round.
▶ 显示答案与解析
答案：birds
预测：画出题目中的关键词 seeing rare。根据题目中的 seeing rare.......，预知要填名词，表示看到的某种稀有的东西。
定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段对话：
SUE: Now I've heard something about Paxton Nature Reserve. It's a good place for spotting unusual birds, isn't it?
MARTIN: That's right—throughout the year.
考点：同义替换。空格前的关键词是 seeing rare，录音中与之同义替换的表达是 spotting unusual，答案就是 birds。另外，定位句中的 throughout the year 和空格后的 all year round 也是同义替换。
8 This is a particularly good time for seeing certain unusual ............................
答案：flowers
预测：画出题目中的关键词 seeing certain unusual。根据题目中的 seeing certain unusual ，预知要填名词，表示看到的某种不寻常的东西。
定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段对话：And just at the moment you can see various flowers that are pretty unusual—the soil at Paxton isn't very common. They're looking good right now.
考点：同义替换。空格前的关键词是 seeing certain unusual，录音中与之同义替换的表达是 see various，答案就是 flowers。
【真题回顾】
Question 11
Complete the note below.
Write ONE WORD for each answer.
Fiddy Working Heritage Farm
Advice about visiting the farm
Visitors should
· take care not to harm any 11 ..................................
【听力原文】
▶ 显示听力原文
Welcome to the Fiddy Working Heritage Farm. This open-air museum gives you the experience of agriculture and rural life in the English countryside at the end of the nineteenth century. So you'll see a typical farm of that period, and like me, all the staff are dressed in clothes of that time.
I must give you some advice and safety tips before we go any further. As it's a working farm, please don't frighten or injure the animals. We have a lot here, and many of them are breeds that are now quite rare.
【考点点拨】
· take care not to harm any 11 ..................................
▶ 显示答案与解析
答案：animal/animals
预测：画出题目中的关键词 not to harm。根据题目中的 not to harm ............，预知要填一个名词，表示不能伤害的事物。
定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：As it's a working farm, please don't frighten or injure the animals.
考点：同义替换。定位句中的 don't frighten or injure 和空格前的 not to harm 是同义替换，答案就是 animals，也可以写 animal。
【真题回顾】
Question 12
Complete the sentence below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
12 The museum is not open on ..........................
【听力原文】
▶ 显示听力原文
Hello, and thank you for asking me to your teachers' meeting to talk about the Dinosaur Museum and to tell you a bit about what you can do with your students there.
Well, let me give you some of the basic information first. In regard to opening hours, we're open every day of the week from 9.00 am to 8.00 pm except on Mondays when we close at 1.30 pm. And, in fact the only day in the year when we're closed is on the 25th of December. You can book a guided tour for your school group any time that we're open.
【考点点拨】
12 The museum is not open on ..........................
▶ 显示答案与解析
答案：25 December/Christmas Day
预测：画出题目中的关键词 not open。根据题目中的 not open on ........................，预知要填日期。
定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：And, in fact the only day in the year when we're closed is on the 25th of December.
考点：同义替换。题目中的关键词是 not open，录音中与之同义替换的表达是 closed，后面听到的日期是 the 25th of December。由于题目要求填写不超过 2 个词和/或 1 个数字，所以答案就是 25 December。由于这一天是圣诞节，所以答案也可以写 Christmas Day。
浙公网安备33060202002148号