定语从句 & as 从句 · 精讲练习

Relative Clauses & "as" Clauses · Unit 2 课文长难句精讲
🎯 Goal · 学完本页你能
① break down a long sentence into 主句 / 定语从句 / 状语从句 three layers  拆开一句课文长难句
② tell when / which / that / who / as apart and use them correctly  分清五个易混词
③ score 16+ of the 19 exercises  练习 16 题做对 16 题以上

STEP 1 Look at this sentence · 看懂这一句

来自课文 Make a Difference (P2)。Tap the cards below to light up each layer. 点下方卡片，句子对应部分会亮起。
It is a year when our children begin learning to develop an entirely new relationship with the world as they head down the road to independence .
在这一年里，孩子们开始学着与世界建立全新的关系，走上通往独立之路。
主句 It is a year
Main clause · 主系表结构 —— year 是表语，也是定语从句的先行词
定语从句 when our children begin learning…
Relative clause · when 引导，修饰 a year，说明"这是怎样的一年"
状语从句 as they head down the road to independence
"as" clause · as＝"随着"，给 begin learning 加时间背景
It主句主语，指代上文提到的"那一年"
a year表语 → 定语从句的先行词（antecedent）
when关系副词，在从句中作时间状语＝ in which
begin learning从句谓语：begin + doing（开始做某事）
as连词"随着"，引出时间状语从句
the road to independence比喻：通往独立之路（to 表方向）
💡 Read the whole sentence aloud once. Then tap each card. 先整句读一遍，再逐层点亮。
↓ Continue · 7 grammar points & 16 questions below 往下进入语法点精讲与练习 ↓

STEP 2 Grammar points · 七个要点

Tap to expand. 逐个点开过一遍，课文原句带 📌 标记。
01when · 定语从句的关系副词▶
When the antecedent is a time word (year, day, time, moment) and the relative word works as an adverbial in the clause, use when.
先行词表时间、且关系词在从句中作状语 → 用 when（＝介词+which）。
📌 It is a year when our children begin learning to develop an entirely new relationship with the world.
正是课文核心句：when 修饰 a year。
Unit 2 · Make a Difference
I will never forget the day when we first met in Paris.
我永远不会忘记我们在巴黎初次相见的那一天。
There are times when I feel completely exhausted after work.
有时候下班后我会感到筋疲力尽。
⚠ Watch out： If the clause already has a full subject and verb and only lacks an object, use that / which, not when. 从句不缺状语而缺宾语时，用 that/which（见 STEP 3 Q11）。
02as · "随着"引导状语从句▶
as = while / as something develops — it paints a background that changes together with the main action.
as＝"随着／在……的同时"，主句动作伴着从句的变化一起推进。
📌 …begin learning to develop an entirely new relationship with the world as they head down the road to independence.
随着他们走上独立之路……（课文核心句第三层）
Unit 2 · Make a Difference (P2)
As we grow older, we begin to understand our parents' sacrifices.
随着年龄增长，我们开始理解父母的付出。
⚠ Watch out： as 还有两副面孔——as…as 比较（文中 the Gulf oil spill is not breaking down as rapidly as once hoped）和"正如"（as we all know）。做题先问：这里是"随着、比较、还是正如"？
03begin doing / to do▶
begin + doing = start an activity (gentle, ongoing). begin + to do = a fresh start. Both are correct.
begin 后接动名词或不定式都可以；接动名词强调持续展开，接不定式强调起步。
📌 our children begin learning to develop an entirely new relationship…
孩子们开始学着建立全新的关系……
Unit 2 · Make a Difference (P2)
The ice on the lake began to melt as the temperature rose.
气温升高，湖面的冰开始融化。
⚠ Watch out： 没有 begin + to reading / for reading 这种搭配。
04learn to do▶
We learn to do something — the infinitive names the new skill.
learn 后接不定式，表示"学会做某事"这个新技能。
📌 begin learning to develop an entirely new relationship…
开始学着去建立全新关系（learning 的宾语是不定式 to develop）
Unit 2 · Make a Difference (P2)
She is learning to cope with the challenges of living abroad.
她正在学着应对海外生活的挑战。
05develop a relationship with▶
A relationship goes with someone — develop / build a relationship with.
relationship 固定搭配介词 with：develop / build a relationship with sb。
📌 …to develop an entirely new relationship with the world.
与世界建立全新关系。
Unit 2 · Make a Difference (P2)
It is important to develop a healthy relationship with your peers during college.
大学期间与同伴建立健康关系很重要。
06head down the road to… · 比喻表达▶
head down the road to X — a journey picture: you are walking toward X. to shows direction, followed by a noun.
"走上通往 X 的路"——to 表方向后接名词。四六级写作可直接套：head down the road to success / independence。
📌 …as they head down the road to independence.
在他们走上独立之路时。
Unit 2 · Make a Difference (P2)
The new manager is heading the team down the road to success.
新经理正带领团队走向成功。
07entirely · 程度副词▶
entire (adj. 完整的) → entirely (adv. 完全地) — it scales up the adjective it modifies.
entire→entirely（完全地），修饰形容词加强程度：an entirely new relationship 全新的关系。
📌 …to develop an entirely new relationship with the world.
与世界建立完全全新的关系。
Unit 2 · Make a Difference (P2)
I entirely agree with you. / an entirely different story
我完全同意你。／完全不同的故事。
⚠ 同族串记： whole → wholly；complete → completely；total → totally——都是"整体形容词→ly 程度副词"。

STEP 3 Exercises · 十九题

Choice questions: tap once for the Chinese hint, twice to answer. 选择题点一次出中文，点两次判分。
Q1Choice · 单选
I will never forget the day ______ I first realized the meaning of independence.
我永远不会忘记我第一次意识到独立意义的那一天。
A. which （关系代词）
B. when （关系副词·时间）
C. that （关系代词）
D. what （不能引导定语从句）
B ✓ — The antecedent the day is a time word and the clause is complete, only lacking a time adverbial → when.
先行词 the day 表时间，从句结构完整只缺时间状语，用 when；which/that 需在从句中作主语或宾语。
Q2Choice · 单选
______ the weather grows colder, parents drive their children to school more often.
随着天气变冷，家长更频繁地开车送孩子上学。
A. While （持续过程）
B. Before （在……之前）
C. As （随着·伴随机变化）
D. Until （直到）
C ✓ — "As" pairs two things changing together.
句意为"随着天气变冷……"，表示伴随变化，用 as 最恰当；While 强调持续过程，Before/Until 语义不符。
Q3Choice · 单选
The moment the parents left, the students began ______ quietly.
家长一离开，学生们便开始安静地阅读。
A. reading （begin+doing）
B. to reading （错误搭配）
C. for reading （错误搭配）
D. read （缺 to）
A ✓ — begin takes either doing or to do; here only reading fits.
begin 后接 doing 或 to do 均可，但选项中只有 reading 形式正确。
Q4Choice · 单选
The school encourages students to learn ______ critical thinking skills.
学校鼓励学生学习培养批判性思维技能。
A. develop （缺 to）
B. developing （learn 不接 doing）
C. to develop （learn to do ✓）
D. developed （过去分词）
C ✓ — learn to do sth is the fixed pattern.
learn to do sth 为固定搭配，不定式作宾语。
Q5Choice · 单选
It is important to develop a healthy relationship ______ your peers during college.
大学期间与同伴建立健康关系很重要。
A. to （方向）
B. for （对象）
C. with （relationship with ✓）
D. between （两者之间）
C ✓ — a relationship goes with someone.
relationship 后接 with 表示"与……的关系"，为固定介词搭配。
Q6Blank · 填空
The year w______ she won the championship was the most memorable one in her life.
她夺冠的那一年是她一生中最难忘的。
when ✓
先行词 The year 表时间，从句缺时间状语，填 when。
Q7Blank · 填空
A______ we grow older, we begin to understand our parents' sacrifices.
随着年龄增长，我们开始理解父母的付出。
As ✓ — note the capital letter at the start.
句意为"随着我们长大……"，表伴随过程填 As（首字母大写；小写 as 也判对）。
Q8Blank · 填空
The ice on the lake began t______ melt as the temperature rose.
气温升高，湖面的冰开始融化。
to ✓
begin to do 为固定搭配，melt 为动词原形，填 to。
Q9Blank · 填空
She is learning to c______ with the challenges of living abroad.
她正学着应对海外生活的挑战。
cope ✓
learn to cope with 意为"学会应对"，按首字母和句意填 cope。
Q10Blank · 填空
The new manager is heading the team down the road to s______.
新经理正带领团队走向成功。
success ✓
head down the road to… 意为"踏上通往……之路"，to 后接名词，按首字母填 success。
Q11Rewrite · 句型转换
I will never forget the time. We spent that time preparing for the exam.
→ I will never forget the time ______.
合并成一句（提示：从句中 spend 缺宾语）。
I will never forget the time that / which we spent preparing for the exam (或省略关系代词).
先行词 the time 在从句中作 spent 的宾语 → 只能用 that/which（可省略），不能用 when。
Q12Rewrite · 句型转换
When I was walking along the river, I saw a beautiful sunset.
→ ______, I saw a beautiful sunset. (use as)
用 as 改写第一句。
As I was walking along the river, I saw a beautiful sunset.
将 when 替换为 as，强调"在……过程中"的伴随感。
Q13Rewrite · 句型转换
Combine the two sentences. She began to learn to dance. She wants to learn to dance ballet. → She began learning ______.
合并句子：用不定式作 learning 的宾语
to dance ballet
不定式短语 to dance ballet 作 learning 的宾语，表达学习的内容/目的。两句合一，一气呵成。
Q14Translate · 中译英
这是一个孩子们开始学会独立思考的时期。
提示：This is a time/period ______ + begin learning…
This is a time/period when children begin learning to think independently.
考查 when 引导定语从句 + begin doing + learn to do。
Q15Translate · 中译英
随着他们步入成年，他们将面临许多新的挑战。
提示：As they step into…
As they step into adulthood, they will face many new challenges.
考查 as 引导时间状语从句 + step into 比喻表达。
Q16Translate · 中译英
培养与周围世界的全新关系对年轻人至关重要。
提示：Developing… is crucial/vital…
Developing an entirely new relationship with the surrounding world is crucial/vital for young people.
考查动名词作主语 + develop a relationship with + entirely。

📋 My weak points · 错点清单

Do the exercises first — your wrong ones will show up here. 先做题，错题会自动列在这里。
🎯 Wrap-up · 回扣目标
Can you now break the sentence into three layers? Can you tell when / who / that / as apart?
全班齐答：核心句 It is a year when… as they head down the road to independence——你能脱屏复述吗？
Done 0/16 · Correct 0 已完成／做对
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