The Janitor Who Became a College Graduate
课文第2·3·4自然段 · 26个拓展点
2
Seneca与人生哲学
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As a Columbia employee, he didn't have to pay for the classes he took. His favorite subject was the Roman philosopher and statesman Seneca, the janitor said to the Associated Press reporter during a break from his work at the student union building he cleans. "I love Seneca's letters because they're written in the spirit in which I was educated in my family — not to look for fame and fortune, but to have a simple, honest, honorable life," he said.
1as a Columbia employee作为哥伦比亚大学的雇员
as prep. "作为"——表身份、角色。
e.g. As a teacher, she cares about every student. 作为教师，她关心每个学生。
Columbia = Columbia University 哥伦比亚大学（常春藤盟校之一）。employee n. 雇员（-ee后缀=被动方，对比 employer 雇主）。
e.g. As a teacher, she cares about every student. 作为教师，她关心每个学生。
Columbia = Columbia University 哥伦比亚大学（常春藤盟校之一）。employee n. 雇员（-ee后缀=被动方，对比 employer 雇主）。
2subjectn. 学科，科目
这里指"最喜欢的学科"。Filipaj最爱的科目是古典学（Classics）。
e.g. Math is my favorite subject. 数学是我最喜欢的科目。
拓展：subject还有"主题/主语/实验对象"等多义。
e.g. Math is my favorite subject. 数学是我最喜欢的科目。
拓展：subject还有"主题/主语/实验对象"等多义。
3statesman vs. politician政治家 vs. 政客
statesman n. 政治家（褒义，有远见、受人尊敬的长者型人物）
politician n. 政客（中性或贬义，侧重党派利益）
Seneca既是哲学家又是statesman——既是思想者又是参政者。
e.g. Winston Churchill was a great statesman, not just a politician.
politician n. 政客（中性或贬义，侧重党派利益）
Seneca既是哲学家又是statesman——既是思想者又是参政者。
e.g. Winston Churchill was a great statesman, not just a politician.
4Seneca塞涅卡（古罗马哲学家）
Lucius Annaeus Seneca（约公元前4年-公元65年），古罗马斯多葛派哲学家、政治家、剧作家。曾任尼禄皇帝的导师和顾问。著有《道德书简》（Letters from a Stoic）。Filipaj深受其"不求名利、简朴正直"的思想影响。
5reportern. 记者
reporter = journalist 记者。这里指美联社（Associated Press）的记者。
同义词：journalist, correspondent, newsman
词根：report + -er（动作执行者）
同义词：journalist, correspondent, newsman
词根：report + -er（动作执行者）
6famen. 名声
fame n. 名声（不可数）→ famous adj. 著名的
e.g. He achieved fame at a young age. 他年轻时成名。
对比：fame（名声）/ reputation（声誉）/ honor（荣誉）
e.g. He achieved fame at a young age. 他年轻时成名。
对比：fame（名声）/ reputation（声誉）/ honor（荣誉）
7fortunen. 财富，命运
fortune n. 财富（可数）/ 命运（不可数）
e.g. He made a fortune in real estate. 他靠房地产发了财。
派生：fortunate adj. 幸运的；fortunately adv. 幸运地
Seneca教导：not to look for fame and fortune 不求名利。
e.g. He made a fortune in real estate. 他靠房地产发了财。
派生：fortunate adj. 幸运的；fortunately adv. 幸运地
Seneca教导：not to look for fame and fortune 不求名利。
8not to ... but to ...不是…而是…
句型：not to do A but to do B = 不是为了A而是为了B
e.g. He came not to complain but to help. 他来不是抱怨而是帮忙。
注意：前后平行结构，都用不定式。
e.g. He came not to complain but to help. 他来不是抱怨而是帮忙。
注意：前后平行结构，都用不定式。
9spiritn. 精神
spirit n. 精神 / 情绪 / 灵魂
e.g. the spirit of teamwork 团队精神
派生：spirited adj. 精神饱满的；spiritual adj. 精神上的
e.g. the spirit of teamwork 团队精神
派生：spirited adj. 精神饱满的；spiritual adj. 精神上的
3
深夜苦读与语言难关
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For Filipaj, the degree comes after years studying late into the night in his Bronx apartment, where he'd open his books after a 2:30 to 11 p.m. shift as a heavy cleaner — his job title. Before exam time or to finish a paper, he'd pull all-nighters, then go to class in the morning and then to work. As his mother tongue is Albanian, it took him almost seven years to learn to master the English language before he was admitted to the School of General Studies. His graduation with honors resulted from his strong will to overcome all the difficulties he ran into in the following dozen years of studies, including readings in ancient Latin and Greek.
10shiftn. 轮班 v. 转移
shift n. 轮班（day shift 白班 / night shift 夜班）/ v. 转移、转变
Filipaj的班次是下午2:30到晚上11点。
e.g. He works the night shift. 他上夜班。
拓展：shift work 倒班工作；shift gears 换挡/转换思路
Filipaj的班次是下午2:30到晚上11点。
e.g. He works the night shift. 他上夜班。
拓展：shift work 倒班工作；shift gears 换挡/转换思路
11heavy cleanern. 重度清洁工
heavy cleaner 是Filipaj的职位名称（job title），指负责重体力清洁工作的人员——拖地、清理厕所、搬运垃圾等。
heavy adj. 重的 / 大量的 → heavy rain 大雨 / heavy traffic 拥堵
heavy adj. 重的 / 大量的 → heavy rain 大雨 / heavy traffic 拥堵
12finish a paper完成论文
paper n. 论文 / 试卷 / 报纸
e.g. I need to finish my paper before Friday. 我得在周五前完成论文。
搭配：write a paper / submit a paper / publish a paper
e.g. I need to finish my paper before Friday. 我得在周五前完成论文。
搭配：write a paper / submit a paper / publish a paper
13pull an all-nighter通宵（学习/工作）
pull an all-nighter = stay up all night 通宵（口语表达）
e.g. I pulled an all-nighter to study for the exam. 我通宵复习考试。
相关：stay up late 熬夜 / burn the midnight oil 开夜车
e.g. I pulled an all-nighter to study for the exam. 我通宵复习考试。
相关：stay up late 熬夜 / burn the midnight oil 开夜车
14mother tongue → tongue母语 → 语言
mother tongue = native language 母语
tongue n. 舌头 / 语言
e.g. Chinese is my mother tongue. 中文是我的母语。
相关：mother tongue / first language / native language
tongue n. 舌头 / 语言
e.g. Chinese is my mother tongue. 中文是我的母语。
相关：mother tongue / first language / native language
15Albaniann./adj. 阿尔巴尼亚语/的
Albanian 指阿尔巴尼亚（Albania）的语言或人。Filipaj来自前南斯拉夫的黑山（Montenegro），母语是阿尔巴尼亚语。
词源：Albania（国名）+ -n（后缀）→ Albanian
词源：Albania（国名）+ -n（后缀）→ Albanian
16master the English language掌握英语
master v. 掌握 / 精通 → n. 大师 / 硕士
e.g. It takes years to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语需要多年。
派生：mastery n. 精通；master's degree 硕士学位
e.g. It takes years to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语需要多年。
派生：mastery n. 精通；master's degree 硕士学位
17was admitted to ...被录取到…
admit v. 承认 / 准许进入（被动语态=被录取）
e.g. She was admitted to Peking University. 她被北京大学录取。
搭配：admit sb. to/into 准许某人进入
e.g. She was admitted to Peking University. 她被北京大学录取。
搭配：admit sb. to/into 准许某人进入
18the School of General Studies通识学院
哥伦比亚大学通识学院（School of General Studies），专门为非传统学生（在职、成人、退伍军人等）提供本科教育。Filipaj在这里完成了古典学学士学位。
19graduation with honors以优等成绩毕业
with honors = with distinction 以优等成绩
e.g. He graduated with honors from Harvard. 他以优等成绩从哈佛毕业。
等级：cum laude（优等）/ magna cum laude（极优等）/ summa cum laude（最优等）
e.g. He graduated with honors from Harvard. 他以优等成绩从哈佛毕业。
等级：cum laude（优等）/ magna cum laude（极优等）/ summa cum laude（最优等）
20result fromv. 起因于
result from = be caused by 起因于（后接原因）
result in = lead to 导致（后接结果）
e.g. His success resulted from hard work. 他的成功源于努力。
e.g. Hard work resulted in his success. 努力带来了成功。
result in = lead to 导致（后接结果）
e.g. His success resulted from hard work. 他的成功源于努力。
e.g. Hard work resulted in his success. 努力带来了成功。
21strong willn. 坚强意志
will n. 意志 / 决心 → strong will 坚强意志
e.g. Where there's a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
相关：willpower n. 意志力；iron will 钢铁意志
e.g. Where there's a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
相关：willpower n. 意志力；iron will 钢铁意志
22overcomev. 克服
overcome v. 克服 / 战胜（overcame-overcome）
e.g. She overcame her fear of public speaking. 她克服了演讲恐惧。
搭配：overcome difficulties / overcome obstacles / overcome challenges
e.g. She overcame her fear of public speaking. 她克服了演讲恐惧。
搭配：overcome difficulties / overcome obstacles / overcome challenges
23ran intov. 遇到，碰到
run into = encounter 遇到 / 偶遇
e.g. I ran into an old friend yesterday. 我昨天偶遇老朋友。
多义：run into difficulties 遇到困难 / run into a wall 碰壁
e.g. I ran into an old friend yesterday. 我昨天偶遇老朋友。
多义：run into difficulties 遇到困难 / run into a wall 碰壁
24dozenn. 一打（12个）
dozen n. 十二个 / 一打 → a dozen = 12
e.g. I bought a dozen eggs. 我买了一打鸡蛋。
用法：dozens of = 几十个 / 许多的 → dozens of years 几十年
e.g. I bought a dozen eggs. 我买了一打鸡蛋。
用法：dozens of = 几十个 / 许多的 → dozens of years 几十年
25ancient Latin and Greek古希腊拉丁语
ancient adj. 古代的 → ancient Latin（古拉丁语）/ ancient Greek（古希腊语）
古典学（Classics）的核心就是阅读古希腊和拉丁文献原文。Filipaj花了十几年学习这些古老语言。
古典学（Classics）的核心就是阅读古希腊和拉丁文献原文。Filipaj花了十几年学习这些古老语言。
4
毕业典礼
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On Sunday morning on Columbia's Manhattan campus, Filipaj flashed a huge smile and a thumbs-up as he walked off the podium after a handshake from Columbia President Lee Bollinger, who presided over a ceremony in which General Studies students received their graduation certificates.
26graduation ceremony毕业典礼
ceremony n. 典礼 / 仪式 → graduation ceremony 毕业典礼
podium n. 讲台 / 领奖台
thumbs-up n. 竖大拇指（表示赞许）
Filipaj从哥大校长Lee Bollinger手中接过毕业证书，微笑着竖起大拇指——这一刻，清洁工变成了大学毕业生。
podium n. 讲台 / 领奖台
thumbs-up n. 竖大拇指（表示赞许）
Filipaj从哥大校长Lee Bollinger手中接过毕业证书，微笑着竖起大拇指——这一刻，清洁工变成了大学毕业生。
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